What is the Higgs boson, and how does the field give mass to the fundamental particles?
The Higgs Boson is the elementary particle that has a correlation with the Higgs field, a field that is capable of giving mass to other fundamental particles like quarks and electrons. A mass of sub-atomic particles indicates how much it resists alteration of speed or position when it witnesses a force. The Higgs field is a wider form of fundamental fields that cause the basic forces between subatomic particles like electromagnetic fields.
The scalar field has magnitude, however, no direction. This shows that its carrier, the Higgs Boson, has an intrinsic spin or angular momentum. In addition, this field has the uncommon property that its energy is higher when the field is zero than when it has some amount of energy. Therefore, fundamental particles that acquired Higgs masses via interact with nonzero Higgs Field only when the universe became less energetic after the Big Bang, which indicates that our universe is expanding.
Fundamental particles
Fundamental or elementary particles that are infinitely small contrast the universe that we interact with. The matter is made of elementary particles, and electrons are perhaps the most familiar fundamental particles. In addition, the Standard Model of particle physics has provided insights into the fundamental structure of matter, which is a building block that constructs the universe, which is governed by fundamental forces, namely Gravity, Electromagnetism, Weak nuclear force and Strong nuclear force. The Standard Model of particle physics enables physicists to understand the nature of fundamental particles and how fundamental forces are associated with each other, which is described by this model.
Over the years, the Standard Model of particle physics has effectively explained almost all results being produced by experiments and likewise accurately predicted a wider range of phenomena. Over the last couple of years, via many experiments, the Standard Model of particle physics has become well tested. Moreover, the Standard Model comprises 17 elementary particles, and among them, only two particles, photon and electron, are familiar to us. The fundamental particles are divided into two groups one is the fermions, and the other one is bosons.
Fermions
The shell model highlights the nucleus as a system of protons and neutrons that interact through a strong nuclear force. Protons and Neutrons are together referred to as nucleons and are fermions as they generally have an inherent spin or angular momentum of ½, and it is described by the Fermi Dirac statistics. The fermions are found to be building blocks of matter. The standard model differentiates 24 varied fermions that comprise 6 leptons, 6 quarks and the equivalent antiparticle. The Fermi Dirac statistics indicate that a system of indistinguishable particles could be distributed among energy states, and each of the available separate states could be occupied by only one particle.
This accounts for the structure of electrons within an atom in which electrons endure in separate states rather than colliding into a common state. Famous physicist Enrico Fermi provides this idea, which highlights the quantized state of fundamental particles. In comparison to the Bose-Einstein statistics, the Fermi Dirac statistics are applicable among those particles that follow the restrictions, which is recognized as the Pauli exclusion principle, which describes that such particles have a half-integer value of spin, which is known as Fermions. Fermi Dirac statistics apply to neutrons, electrons and photons.
Boson
A boson is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value, including 0, 1, 2 and so on. Pauli exclusion principle gives an idea about half-integer spin fermions. On the other hand, Bosons have full integer spins, which is not abided by the Pauli exclusion principle. Therefore, bosons can closely combine together which may lead to the generation of some unique physical properties. Bosons are also different from Higgs Boson as it is a fundamental particle with no spin but Bosons have a spin in integer values. Bosons include gluons, photons, and the Higgs boson, along with the W to Z bosons.
The gluons do not have mass, and for this reason, they have a spin of 1. On the other hand, photons are the whole spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. This includes visible light, gamma rays and radio waves. Besides, the Higgs Boson is another elementary particle associated with the Higgs field, and in this article, there will be in in-depth description of this field provided below.
FAQ
1. What are Elementary Particles?
Fundamental or elementary particles that are infinitely small contrast the universe that we interact with. The matter is made of elementary particles, and electrons are perhaps the most familiar fundamental particles. In addition, the ‘” Standard Model of particle physics” have provided insights into the fundamental structure of matter, which is a building block that constructs the universe, which is governed by fundamental forces, namely Gravity, Electromagnetism, Weak nuclear force and Strong nuclear force.
2. What is the Standard Model of particle physics?
Over the years, the “Standard Model of particle physics” has effectively explained almost all results being produced by experiments and likewise accurately predicted a wider range of phenomena. Over the last couple of years, via many experiments, the Standard Model of particle physics has become well tested. In addition, the Standard Model comprises 17 elementary particles, and among them, only two particles, photon and electron, are familiar to us. The fundamental particles are divided into two groups one is the fermions, and the other one is bosons.
3. What are the Higgs bosons?
The Higgs Boson is the elementary particle that has a correlation with the Higgs field, a field that is capable of giving mass to other fundamental particles like quarks and electrons.
4. How does the Higgs field give mass to fundamental particles?
Higgs Boson has an intrinsic spin or angular momentum. In addition, the Higgs field has the uncommon property that its energy is higher when the field is zero than when it has some amount of energy. Therefore, fundamental particles that acquired Higgs masses via interact with nonzero Higgs Field only when the universe became less energetic after the Big Bang.
